Argentina is the second-largest country in South America and a major player in the Southern Cone, sharing borders with Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay. It operates as a federal presidential republic with 23 provinces and the autonomous capital of Buenos Aires; since late 2023 it has been led by President Javier Milei, a libertarian who has pursued sharp shifts in economic and foreign policy. Argentina is a founding member of Mercosur and the G20, maintains a long-standing sovereignty dispute with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas), and asserts claims to parts of Antarctica. Key fault lines for news readers include recurring tension between Peronist and market-liberal political currents, federal-provincial dynamics, and Argentina's evolving alignment between Western, regional, and Chinese economic partners.