Mauritania sits at the crossroads of the Maghreb and Sub-Saharan West Africa, bordering Western Sahara, Algeria, Mali, and Senegal along the Atlantic coast. It is an Islamic republic governed under a presidential system, with President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani and the ruling Equity Party leading the state after a recent history of military coups and contested transitions. A key fault line is security spillover from the Sahel's jihadist insurgencies and instability in neighboring Mali, alongside enduring domestic tensions over ethnicity, the legacy of slavery, and relations between Arab-Berber and Black African communities. It participates in regional bodies such as the African Union and the Arab Maghreb Union and cooperates with Western and Gulf partners on counterterrorism and migration.