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Sudan

Sudan war continues with drone strikes, humanitarian crisis deepens amid diplomatic efforts

Sudan's civil war escalates with RSF drone attacks causing casualties and disrupting aid routes, while the humanitarian situation worsens with acute food insecurity. International pressure mounts through bipartisan US sanctions proposals and calls for accountability for war crimes.

Why it matters

Sudan's war, which erupted in April 2023, has become one of the world's largest humanitarian and displacement crises, drawing in external powers from the Gulf, Egypt, Eritrea and beyond. US congressional action signals Washington's framing of the conflict as a national-security threat tied to migration, terrorism and regional instability, while the AU's reinstatement debate tests the bloc's anti-coup principles against the need for on-the-ground mediation.

Country basics

Population
51.7M
Capital
Khartoum
GDP
$49.7B
Currency
SDG
Head of state
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
Government
federal republic

Sudan occupies a strategic position in Northeast Africa, bordering Egypt, the Red Sea, the Sahel, and the Horn of Africa, giving it relevance to Nile water politics, Red Sea shipping, and regional migration routes. Since the 2019 ouster of long-ruling Omar al-Bashir, the country has experienced fragile transitional governance dominated by the military, and since April 2023 it has been engulfed in a devastating war between the Sudanese Armed Forces under Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. Key fault lines to watch include the SAF-RSF power struggle, the humanitarian catastrophe and mass displacement, the legacy of the 2011 secession of South Sudan, and competing external influences from Gulf states, Egypt, Russia, and other regional actors.

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