Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) is one of Africa's last absolute monarchies, where King Mswati III holds sweeping executive, legislative and judicial authority, with a prime minister and parliament operating largely at his discretion and political parties effectively barred from elections. The small, landlocked kingdom is almost entirely surrounded by South Africa, with a short eastern border with Mozambique, making its fortunes deeply tied to its powerful neighbor. It is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union and the Commonwealth. Key fault lines for readers include recurring pro-democracy protests and tensions between the monarchy and reform advocates over governance, civil liberties and economic inequality.