Tunisia occupies a strategic position in North Africa's Maghreb, with a long Mediterranean coastline facing Italy and shared land borders with Algeria and Libya. Birthplace of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, it experienced a decade of democratic transition before President Kais Saied consolidated executive power from 2021 onward, restructuring the constitution and political system in moves critics describe as a democratic backslide. Its semi-presidential system now concentrates authority around the presidency, and key fault lines for observers include the contested balance between executive power and democratic institutions, instability spilling over from neighboring Libya, and migration dynamics that make Tunisia both a transit point and a focus of negotiations with the European Union.